"I learned there was no middle ground in civil rights."Ivan Allen Jr.
After defeating segregationist candidate Lester Maddox to become the mayor, Ivan Allen Jr. quickly established himself as a broadminded leader of a segregated city. On his first day in office, he ordered all "white" and "colored" signs removed from city hall, and he later desegregated the building's cafeteria. In July 1963, Allen became the only elected official in the South to testify before Congress in support of John F. Kennedy's proposed Civil Rights Bill, even though he knew his testimony would be unpopular. Before it passed, many Atlanta restaurants, hotels, swimming pools, and other public facilities had already desegregated by mutual agreement between owners and Mayor Allen. In 1966, when a riot erupted in Summerhill, Allen immediately went to the area and successfully worked with Atlanta police to restore peace in the community. When Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in 1968, Allen helped arrange King's funeral. In recognition of his contributions, Allen was awarded the Lyndon Baines Johnson Foundation Award for achievement in urban affairs in 1974, the Martin Luther King Jr. Nonviolent Peace Prize in 1981, and the Shining Light Award in 1995.
